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Stephen Edred Flowers (born May 5, 1953), commonly known as Stephen E. Flowers, and also by the pen-names Edred Thorsson, and Darban-i-Den, is a former American professor, scholar, runologist, runosophist, goði〔Chisholm, James Allen; (Appendix A, The Awakening of a Runemaster: The Life of Edred Thorsson ), from Thorsson, Edred; Green Rûna - The Runemaster's Notebook: Shorter Works of Edred Thorsson Volume I (1978-1985)", 1993, second improved and expanded edition 1996.〕〔Lodestar IV (February 2015) – Newsletter of the emerging enterprise, (Lodestar ).〕 and proponent of occultism, Odianism, esoteric runosophy, Germanic mysticism, Asatru, and Mazdaism, being instrumental in the early establishment of the Germanic Neopagan movement in North America and has also been very active in ''Left-Hand Path'' occult organizations. He has over three dozen published books and hundreds of published papers and translations on a disparate range of subjects. Flowers advocates "''Esoteric Runology '' and ''runosophy''" and "''Odianism''" (occultist aspects of Germanic Neopaganism).〔''Runelore: A Handbook of Esoteric Runology'' (1987), p. 172.〕 ==Background== The Bonham, Texas-born scholar was the only son of Betty Jane Eden, daughter of Edred Cosgrove Eden (1888-1945) who is said to belong to the same house as Lord Avon, Anthony Eden, and was a Mason and knight of the KKK. In 1960 his family moved to Dallas. In September 1971 Flowers left for Germany, where his first two months were spent at the Goethe Institut in Prien am Chiemsee, and traveling around central Europe. At the Institut he became involved in the Sadean world of the Chateau Society (Burggesellschaft) and in the Order of the Trapezoid (Triskelenorden), and was sworn to secrecy regarding these matters for 18 years. Returning to Dallas, Flowers attended the Bryan Adams High School (class of 1971 (September 1972-May 1973)). He joined the Church of Satan in 1972 though he reportedly never became involved with the organization beyond receiving their newsletter, ''The Cloven Hoof.'' In the summer of 1974 Flowers moved to Austin and did his graduate work in Germanic and Celtic philology under professor and scholar Edgar Polomé at the University of Texas at Austin from 1973-1984. In 1978 Flowers joined the Asatru Free Assembly (old AFA) where he was one of the earliest members, with membership number 072. In May 1979 he received an M.A. degree with a thesis entitled “Rebirth and Rites of Transformation in the Saga of Sigurðr Sigmundarson”, (This was later released on a limited basis within the Rune-Gild under the title Sigurðr, Rebirth and Initiation, and republished as “Sigurðr: Rebirth and the Rites of Transformation” in 2015), and also founded the Austin "skeppslag" (later kindred) of the AFA. In 1980 he was initiated as a goði by Stephen A. McNallen. In Yule-Tide 1979/80 Flowers founded the ''Rune-Gild'', an initiatory order focused on "the revival of the elder Runic" tradition, advocating runic magic. Flowers currently is the executive officer, or ''Yrmin-Drighten'', of the Rune-Gild. In 1981-1982 he studied the history of occultism and academic runology at the University of Göttingen, Germany under Klaus Düwel. Sometime during late 1981 and 1983 he became associated with the Armanen Orden, attending their gatherings at an ancient castle in central Germany, but was never formally or ritually initiated in any of their rites. Contact was again made with the Burggesellschaft. On November 11, 1983 he founded a small group to explore what he saw as the dark, futuristic undercurrent of Odinism called ''The Order of Shining Trapezohedron'' or "O.S.T." (Order of the Shining Trapezoid) which closed on January 13, 1984. Flowers received his Ph.D. in Germanic Languages and Medieval Studies in 1984 with a dissertation entitled ''Runes and Magic: Magical Formulaic Elements in the Elder Tradition'', and began his career as a university lecturer. From 1984-1989 he was a lecturer in the departments of English and Germanic Languages at the University of Texas. In February 1984 he became a member of the Temple of Set, being recognized to the Second Degree of Adept and to the Priesthood (III°) on October 7, 1984. On November 14, 1986 he was recognized as a Magister Templi (IV°). In November 1987 the AFA (old AFA) collapsed, and on December 20, Thorsson founded the Ring of Troth. The leadership fell to James Allen Chisholm, with Thorsson remaining as a spiritual advisor. In 1989 Meek and others began a hate campaign again Thorsson, “exposing” him of practicing dark arts and being a member of the Temple of Set, although this was well known within the Asatru community and was never a secret. In the Summer of 1990 he was recognized to the Fifth Degree of the Temple of Set. The O.S.T. served as a segue into his involvement with the Temple of Set, an organization in which he currently holds the degree of ''Ipsissimus VI°''. Within the Temple of Set he served as Grand Master of the Order of the Trapezoid from January 1987 until June 1996. In 1990 he met his soon to be future wife, Crystal Dawn. It was also during this time that the 18 year ban on manifestation of the Order of the Triskelion (Triskelenorden) was lifted - an organization for the practice of operant Sadeanism and Carnal Alchemy, founded in early 1991 by Thorsson and Dawn. In March 1992 the administrative power of the Ring of Troth was handed over to Prudence Priest and a full contingency of Rede members by Chisholm, which gave Thorsson the ability to spend most of his time to matters pertaining to the Rune-Gild. In 1993 Thorsson and Dawn bought 30 acres of wilderness east of Austin and adjacent to Buescher State Park, named Woodharrow, on which the future history of the Gild and of the many of Thorsson's many other undertakings would be written. At the end of 1993 they moved to Woodharrow and over the next two years built up the physical facilities on the land where a meeting hall was erected and completed in 1996. In 1993 the publishing company Rûna-Raven Press formerly began and continued to develop over the years. In the Spring of 1995, due to inner turmoil, Thorsson with from any involvement with the Ring of Troth. In August 1995 he and Dawn traveled to Iceland and England to strengthen the work of the Gild. In April 1996 Thorsson retired from his position as Grand Master of the Order of the Trapezoid in order to focus more intently on Rune-Gild matters.〔〔〔Flowers, Stephen Edred; Freemasonry and the Germanic Tradition, Rûna-Raven Press, 2008, p. 11〕〔"Runes: The Journal of the Order of the Trapezoid" Vol XIV Number 2〕〔Kaplan, Jeffrey; Radical Religion in America: Millenarian Movements from the Far Right to the Children of Noah, Syracuse University Press, 1997. pp. 21-29, 159-160.〕〔Gardell, Mattias; Gods of the Blood: The Pagan Revival and White Separatism, Duke University Press, 2003. pp. 19, 162-164, 284, 286, 321-323.〕〔Lewis, James R.; Magical Religion and Modern Witchcraft, State University of New York Press, 1996. pp. 197, 210, 213-224.〕〔Betty A. Dobratz, Stephanie L. Shanks-Meile; “White Power, White Price!” The White Separatist Movement in the United States, Twayne Publishers, 1997. pp. 138, 142.〕 After issues surrounding and damage done to Rûna-Raven Press in 2011, Flowers was sued by friend and business partner Waldo Thompson, which resulted in closing operations on September 20, 2012,〔〔https://runaraven.com/runa-raven-closing-9202012〕〔http://web.archive.org/web/20031205112939/http://www.runaraven.com/〕〔https://weihekrieger.wordpress.com/2012/08/17/on-runa-raven-press-going-out-of-business/〕 Flowers later established Lodestar, "a project growing to ever expanding levels of communication for the ideas and practices of the Indo-European, Germanic, Mazdan and Left Hand Path traditions" and being the "legitimate inheritors of the mission of Runa-Raven Press."〔http://seekthemystery.com〕 registering the website on May 31, 2014 by registrant, Edward Flowers. As reported in February 2015, the Woodharrow Institute is still in operation, but as a “subsidiary of the Occidental Temple of the Wise Lord and has expanded its mission to the study of all Indo-European traditions, with an emphasis on the Germanic, Celtic, and Iranian.”〔 Flowers has also developed a temple, Occidental Temple of the Wise Lord, for the establishment of a restored Indo-European religion. This is based on the prophetic insight of the ancient priest Zarathustra who lived in Central Asia almost four thousand years ago. It "is completely universal in its appeal. This is the mission of our most ancient ancestors to the whole wide world." Flowers, as Darban I Den, has also written the foundational book for the religious organization known as the Occidental Temple of the Wise Lord.〔http://seekthemystery.com/mazdan-studies〕 February 2015 also saw the announcement that prisoners will no longer be able to actively participate in the Rune-Gild, due to the institutions reformation in that the system “is based on personal, face-to-face interaction and communication, as well as the establishment of local Halls.” To fill the need of incarcerated Runers, Thorsson generated a new organization called the Runic Brotherhood.〔“The Runic Brotherhood is an initiatory school of Runic Knowledge based on the Viking Age lore of the Younger Futhark. It stems from the same esoteric stream as the Rune-Gild, but is distinct and separate from it. It is open to prisoners and is tailored to their needs. The Brotherhood will begin operations on April 30, 2015. To enter into the Brotherhood send a letter of petition stating your background and interests along with your first year’s dues of $30.00. Dues will be payable every new year. You will first get a ''Lore-Book'' to study which contains unique runelore based on the Viking system. After you have reported on this, you will receive the ''Work-Book'' which contains a curriculum of initiatory study. Upon completion of the course, you will be named a ''vitki'' of the Brotherhood and receive a certificate. To register as a member, send your first year’s dues to: LODESTAR at P.O. Box 16, Bastrop, Texas 78602.“ - Lodestar IV (February 2015) – Newsletter of the emerging enterprise, (Lodestar ).〕 Flowers was last known to be teaching Classical Philology at Austin Community College. Flowers is currently director of the Woodharrow Institute of Germanic Studies and former owner and operator of Rûna-Raven Press, which he states, "The mission of Rûna-Raven goes beyond mere “book-selling”— the purpose of Rûna-Raven is transformative. Transformation occurs when knowledge is put into action. But for the changes to be strong and true, the knowledge must be accurate. Therefore, we constantly attempt to bring increasing amounts of the highest quality scholarship — exoteric and esoteric — to you. Rûna-Raven to provide a knowledgeable reading public with the best material and most reliable service in a variety of “cutting edge” fields— with a concentration in the areas of Germanic lore and magic as well as left-hand path studies. Rûna-Raven's mission is to publish deeper level works in the Germanic tradition that larger and more commercial houses will not print." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stephen Flowers」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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